It was on this day in 1921 that rioters in Tusla bombed a neighborhood from the air. The trouble had started the day before, when Dick Rowland (a young black male) had been detained and brought in for questioning in regards to a sexual assault. While it is now believed that he was innocent of any wrong-doing, one of the local newspapers sensationalized the story and a mob started to form around the courthouse that afternoon. The sheriff took steps to protect his prisoner from being lynched by posting guards around the area as well as disabling the elevator. Around 9pm about 25 members of the black community showed up with guns in order to help protect Rowland, but the sheriff persuaded them to leave. The crowd, numbering about 1000, saw this as a “Negro Uprising” and many of them headed towards the National Guard armory in an attempt to acquire weapons. The crowd at the courthouse had doubled to about 2000 people by 10pm when 75 black men returned to the area. It is unsure who fired first, but gunfire was exchanged between the two groups and several people were killed. Around 11pm the National Guard (who had successfully defended the armory from looters) were deployed to the streets. Around 1am the white mobs started burning buildings in the Greenwood neighborhood (a place where “prosperous blacks” lived), with the Fire Department being turned away at gunpoint when they arrived to put them out. About 25 black-owned businesses were destroyed by 4am. At sunrise a train whistle was heard, and many whites took this as a signal to launch an all-out attack. Rioters began to pour into the black neighborhood, shooting and burning everything they could see. It was also at this time that 6 WWI Bi-planes, used at a nearby airfield for training, appeared over the Greenwood area – dropping firebombs on buildings and shooting people with rifles. More National Guard troops arrived by 9am, martial law was declared and most of the rioting was subdued by noon. At least 39 people ended up dying, 800 were hospitalized (mostly white; both of the “black hospitals” had been burned down) and over 6000 arrested (mostly black; they were detained in a quickly built prison camp.)
The earliest thing that Wiki says happened on this day is “193 – Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is assassinated” and the most recent is “2009 – General Motors files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It is the fourth largest United States bankruptcy in history.”
A few other events that also occurred on this day are:
1812 – President Madison asks Congress for a declaration of war against England.
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1974 – The instructions for the Heimlich maneuver are published for the first time.
1980 – Premier of CNN.
Wishes for a happy birthday go out to Alanis Morissette, Wayne Nelson, Ronnie Wood, Morgan Freeman, Gerald Scarfe, Pat Boone, and Andy Griffith.