It was on this day in 1846 that the US Congress created the charter for the Smithsonian Institution. The Institue was created as a trust (part of the Federal Government but not under the legislative, executive, nor judicial branches) to carry out the dying wishes of James Smithson, a scientist and investor from England. Smithson had died in 1829 and left most of his fortune to his nephew. However, there was a stipulation in the will that said if his nephew died without having any children then the estate was to be passed on “to the United States of America, to found at Washington, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.” (Tho he was well-traveled, Smithson had never actually visited the states.) His nephew did pass away without any heirs in 1835, and after a lawsuit contesting the will the US received enough British gold sovereigns to mint $500,000 worth of US gold dollars. ($500k then = about $10million now) Originally set-up as a center for scientists to share research, it quickly became a depository for all kinds of specimens of plants, animals, and minerals acquired by various government and military organizations. Construction of the first building (pictured above), holding offices & lecture halls as well as a library, a chemical laboratory, and an art gallery was completed in 1855. The Institute has since grown to include the National Zoological Park and 19 different museums and galleries, with over 137 million objects in their collection.
The first worthwhile event that Wiki says happened on this day is “955 – Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor defeats the Magyars, ending 50 years of Magyar invasion of the West” and the most recent is “2009 – Twenty people are killed in Handlová, Trenčín Region, in the deadliest mining disaster in Slovakia’s history.”
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A couple other things that also occurred on this day are:
1519 – Five ships under the command of Ferdinand Magellan set out from Seville in an attempt to circumnavigate the globe. Magellan would die during the voyage and only one ship would succeed in completing the voyage.
1869 – O.B. Brown patents the first motion picture projector. Film wasn’t invented yet; it used translucent glass.
Wishes for a very happy birthday go out to Jon Farriss and Ian Anderson.